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45. -- Supervision of Medical Certificates by the Surgeon-General of an Army Corps.

Every certificate must be laid before the Surgeon-General of an army corps, by the chief of its staff, for final inspection.

RUSSIA.

Invalid pensioners are divided into three classes according to their injuries and disabilities.

To the first class belong those, who, in consequence of loss of two or more limbs, paralysis of limbs, or disease of mind or body, are unfitted for any business, and require the constant assistance of another person. The injuries for which persons shall be assigned to this class are the following, viz:

1st. Entire loss of sight, from whatever cause arising.

2d. All injuries of the head or spine giving rise to incurable diseases.

3d. Deaf-dumbness resulting from any traumatic lesion.

4th. Injuries of the upper jaw, with extensive loss of bony and fleshy parts; or of the bones of the nose or palate, occasioning an impediment to mastication, swallowing, or speech.

5th. Incurable contractions, or anchylosis of the large articulations.

6th. Loss or complete paralysis of two legs from the above cause.

7th. Loss or complete paralysis of one arm and leg from the same cause.

8th. Artificial anus, stercoral fistulas.

9th. Loss or complete paralysis of all the fingers, or loss of five fingers, including the thumb and index-finger of each hand.

To the second class belong those who have lost one of the large limbs, or who have lost its use through paralysis; also, those who, in consequence of wounds, are either deformed or disfigured; or in consequence of serious injuries of either internal or external organs have contracted incurable diseases.

Injuries for which persons shall be assigned to the second class are the following, viz:

1st. Penetrating wounds of the head, neck, chest, or abdomen; also, the same description of wounds received in the upper part of the face, although they may have left no serious consequences.

2d. Injuries of the head, involving either fracture of the skull, fissure and contra-fissure, or diastasis of sutures.

3d. Loss of sight of one eye, accompanied by disease not destroying the sight of the other.

4th. Deafness arising from traumatic lesion.

5th. Injuries of the upper jaw involving the bones and cartilage of the nose.

6th. Ozsena, resulting from injuries to the forehead or jaws; also, any injury to the nose, accompanied by putrid sores with constant discharge of foetid matter.

7th. Injury of lower jaw, with extensive loss of bony and fleshy parts, impeding mastication and speech.

8th. Injury of lower or upper jaw, with loss of bony substance, accompanied by disfigurement.

9th. Injury of neck, accompanied by stiffness and inability to turn the head.

10th. Injury of pharynx or oesophagus, producing dysphagia by oesophageal stricture or paralysis.

11th. Injury of larynx or trachea, occasioning aphonia, tracheal fistula, or laryngeal or tracheal phthisis.

I2th. Injury of the chest, with fracture of sternum and ribs, though recovered from without leaving any serious consequences.

13th. All injuries of the chest, producing frequent hsemoptyses, asthma, hydrothorax, chronic bronchitis, phthisis pulmonalis, aneurisms, palpitation -- indicating dilatation of the heart -- angina pectoris.

14th. Loss of one arm, or its paralysis produced by muscucular contractions.

15th. Injury of right hand accompanied by paralysis; also loss of all fingers, or any three of the right hand.

16th. Loss or paralysis of first finger of each hand produced by the same cause.

17th. Loss of six fingers, excluding the loss of thumb and first finger of each hand.

18th. Injuries of the abdomen producing ascites; induration of deep-seated organs, or phthisis; atrophy, marasmus, slow nervous fever, aneurism, irreducible hernias.

19th. Incontinence of urine.

20th. Fistulas, whether simple or not, opening into the cavity of the urethra.

21st. Incurable anal fistulas.

22d. Fistulas opening into the cavity of organs, or of large articulations, and arising from caries in progress.

23d. Extensive loss of substance of limbs, accompanied by obstruction of their use, or wasting.

24th. Frequent opening of wounds (necrosis, caries.)

25th. Extensive deformity of chest or back, or incurable deviation of body to either side.

26th. Incurable curvature of the body.

27th. False articulations.

28th. Shortening of one limb, accompanied by lameness.

29th. Loss of one leg, or its paralysis, produced by muscular contractions.

30th. Loss of all the toes resulting from injuries to the feet.

31st. Suppurative fever, atrophy and consumption induced by wounds.

32d. Loss of one-third of the tongue, accompanied by difficulty in swallowing and speaking.

33d. Incurable sores on the cheeks, tongue, palate and tonsils, accompanied by impairment of the natural functions of these parts.

34th. Injury of left hand, accompanied by muscular contraction of the fingers, or their paralysis.

35th. Loss of all, or only four fingers of left hand.